[经验分享] 本人安装和配置Ubuntu日记

在这里，我写写本人安装UBUNTU的所有过程吧。
首先，安装系统的方法和过程我就不说了。

如果我里面标有重启的那么执行完操作后要重启，如果没有标有那就不需要。有些操作视情况而定需不需要操作，比如安装QQ，你不用QQ的就不用安装，～～呵呵。如果不清楚的话，最好全部操作完。第九项比较复杂，我都不知道怎么表达才能表达清楚要修改哪里～～呵呵，第九项看不懂的话最好别乱来，以免修改错误，如果你真想改第九项又看不懂，加我QQ吧我教你，呵呵。


1.安装中文包：

(1)更新语言列表sudo apt-get update，然后选择汉语，等待下载。
(2)下载完成并且安装后，重启


2.下载速度超慢，重新选择更新源：
(1)编辑更新源sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list   将下面横线下的东西填写进去，加在最后。
源列表：
—————————————————————————————————————————
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse


Archive.ubuntu.com更新服务器（欧洲，此为官方源，电信网通用户使用)：

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

Mirrors.shlug.org更新服务器（电信服务器，Ubuntu China Official Mirror, maintained by Shanghai Linux User Group）：

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


Mirror.lupaworld.com更新服务器（浙江省杭州市双线服务器）：

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

厦门大学更新服务器（教育网服务器）：

deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src ftp://ubuntu.realss.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

成都市 电子科技大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：

deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.uestc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

== 如果无法解析uestc.edu.cn域名，请使用以下地址 ==

deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ hardy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ hardy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ hardy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ hardy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main multiverse restricted universe


上海市上海交通大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：

deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main multiverse restricted universe

中国科学技术大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：

deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main multiverse restricted universe北京市清华大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：

deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ hardy main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ hardy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ hardy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ hardy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror9.net9.org/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main multiverse restricted universe


沈阳市东北大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：

deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src ftp://ftp.neu.edu.cn/mirror/archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main multiverse restricted universe


中国台湾 台湾大学更新服务器（推荐网通用户使用，电信PING平均响应速度41MS。强烈推荐此源，比较完整，较少出现同步问题）：

deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.csie.ntu.edu.tw/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


Mirror.vmmatrix.net更新服务器（上海市电信，推荐电信网通用户使用）：

deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.vmmatrix.net/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


ubuntu.cnsite.org更新服务器（福建省福州市 电信）：

deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.cnsite.org/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


mirror.rootguide.org更新服务器（上海市 电信）：

deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu/ hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.rootguide.org/ubuntu-cn/ hardy main restricted universe multiverse


台湾的官方源速度也相当不错，有时甚至快于内地的：

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hardy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
———————————————————————————————————————————————————
3.安装QQ：
http://im.qq.com/qq/linux/


4.安装WINE：
sudo apt-get install wine


5.安装MPLAYER：
sudo apt-get install mplayer


6.装显卡驱动：

(1)安装软件包sudo apt-get install envyng-core
(2)安装驱动sudo envyng -t
(3)重启


7.开启3D效果：
(1)安装软件包sudo apt-get install compizconfig-setting-mananger
(2)还是装软件包～呵呵sudo apt-get install compiz-fusion
(3)改配置gconf-editor  (定位到/apps/metacity/general/compositing_manager 然后把后面的勾去掉)
(4)系统-首选项-外观-视觉效果-扩展
(5)系统-手选项-conpizconfig配置管理器   将里面你想要的效果开启把，单击某个效果还有更详细的设置


8.卸载掉原配的播放器，因为播放MP3有杂音，并且刚才安装了MPLAYER
(1)系统-系统管理-新立得软件包管理器-然后 搜索 GStreamer   用CTRL键选中GStreamer开头的软件包，然后右键-标记以便删除   然后应用 OK
(2)卸载软件包sudo aptitude purge totem
(3)在新立得里搜索totem,将所有totem开头的软件包删除。


9.自动挂载分区(先说明这个操作：UBUNTU会在桌面上显示分区，但是桌面空空的，一般都是打开某个分区后才自动挂载，桌面上才显示出来，现在就让它自动挂在，如果闲麻烦，可以不进行这个操作，不影响使用的)
(1)编辑fstab文件sudo gedit /etc/fstab   将会看到大概和下面差不多的文字(千万不要照抄过去，这个是我的fstab，因为这个是分区信息，每个人的都不一样，这个是我已经修改好的)：
—————————————————————————————————————————
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
proc            /proc           proc    defaults        0       0
/host/ubuntu/disks/root.disk /               ext3    loop,errors=remount-ro 0       1
/host/ubuntu/disks/boot /boot           none    bind            0       0
/host/ubuntu/disks/swap.disk none            swap    loop,sw         0       0
/dev/scd0       /media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 user,noauto,exec,utf8 0       0
/dev/fd0        /media/floppy0  auto    rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0       0
/dev/sda1  /media/sda1  ntfs  user,nls=utf8,umask=0   0 0
/dev/sda5  /media/sda5  ntfs  user,nls=utf8,umask=0   0 0
/dev/sda6  /media/sda6  ntfs  user,nls=utf8,umask=0   0 0
/dev/sda7  /media/sda7  ntfs  user,nls=utf8,umask=0   0 0
/dev/sda8  /media/sda8  ntfs  user,nls=utf8,umask=0   0 0
/dev/sda9  /media/sda9  vfat  user,utf8,umask=0   0 0

———————————————————————————————————————————————————


需要修改如下信息：最后那几段的/dev/sda1 对应右边的/media/sda1，以此类推，比如你的是/dev/sda3那么对应右边的就应该修改为/media/sda3 我这里有9个，就像我这样子改，但是不能把它们抄过去。如果发现user前面有auto,的，那就把auto,去掉(注意auto后面的,逗号也要去掉)------修改好后，保存文件。
(2)重启


10.如果发现无法加载上面面板时间前的音量图标和最右下角的回收站垃圾箱图标的话，就执行这个操作，就因为我在更改完自动加载分区后遇到了这个问题才放出来，呵呵。
(1)在进入系统后显示什么无法加在什么什么的，问你删除还是不删除，一定要点击不删除，不然的话那个图标可能就再也显示不出来了，我也没有试过，反正要点击不删除。
(2)安装软件包sudo apt-get install gnome-applets

11.让Ubuntu火狐的flashplaer正确显示中文字体
(1)进入配置文件目录cd /etc/fonts/conf.d/
(2)编辑配置文件sudo gedit ./49-sansserif.con
(3)将sans-serif和serif替换为wqy-zenhei
(4)保存退出



OK完成了

站长童鞋，我是在学校的校园网里面的，曾经试过装Ubuntu，但是没有拨号器，所以根本上不了网，也无法下载那些更新，更别说安装显卡驱动来开启Ubuntu的3D了……所以，想请您老有空开发个Ubuntu下可以用的校园网拨号器啦^_^，我使用过金色校园拨号器http://www.52jsxy.com/download/  但是我在Ubuntu里面根本拨不了号。T_T我真的是很想很想学习一下Ubuntu，而不是在虚拟机上面………………